I see many clients who talk about their relationships. They tell me that
they are unhappy, they feel bad about themselves and their relationship.
Couples can feel stuck and conflicted because they know the relationship isn't
working and at the same time they love their partner.
Sometimes, the unhappiness in the relationship
is down to some resentment that has built up and poor communication. For these
issues, couples therapy is the best way to resolve problems.
But sometimes, a relationship is unhappy because
there is abuse.
Abuse is one of those words that is loaded and
heavy. Many people do not want to face that their relationship might be
abusive. Often people think that an abuse relationship is one with physical
violence. They think that as long as their partner doesn't hit them then the
relationship is not abusive.
It is not so. The reality is that abuse is much
more subtle than a partner being physically violent. In fact, there are seven types of abuse and they are all equally damaging.
Here are the
seven types of abuse:
1-
Physical abuse. This is the abuse
that is most easily recognised. If you partner slaps you, punches you, pushes
you, kicks you, clips your ear, pulls your hair, or causes physical pain, it is
physical abuse. Some people experiencing physical abuse feel ashamed to admit it
or to admit to themselves that they are in a domestic violent relationship. For
men, it is particularly difficult to admit to it. I hear my male clients
saying: 'she punched me but I'm bigger than her, so it's not abuse'. However,
it is, because physical abuse, whether you are a man or a woman makes you feel
powerless in that moment, and leaves long lasting emotional scars. It is also
not uncommon for physical abuse to escalate to serious violence causing
permanent physical damage and even death. The statistics on domestic abuse
is worrying: it affects 1 in 4 women and 1 in 6 men. It leads to
two women being murdered each week and thirty men per year. This year, domestic
violence reporting has hit an all-time high.
2- Verbal
abuse. It comes in two forms: volume
(shouting) and vocabulary (abusive language). If your partner frequently raises
their voice or shouts at you, it is verbal abuse. If your partner uses a
language that makes you feel bad, it is also verbal abuse. Such words can be
subtle calling a woman 'girl' for the
sole purpose of diminishing their existence. Or it could be words like 'dumb'. And of course, there are more
obvious abusive language like calling your partner derogatory names.
3-
Emotional abuse. This type of abuse
is often unrecognised, and yet it is a common one. Emotional abuse is when your
partner says some things with the intention to make you feel bad about
yourself. It may be comments like: 'don't
you want to have a nose job?' Or 'you're
not good in bed' or 'you look
ridiculous in this suit' or 'everybody
at the party thoughts you were stupid' or 'I don't love you anymore', 'why
do you have friends?', 'nobody can
love you', etc. Emotional can have a long lasting damaging effect on your
self-esteem and sense of self-worth. It makes people feel isolated. Over time,
people report that they lost themselves and they became unaware of what is good
about them.
4-
Psychological abuse. This is another
form of abuse that is often unrecognised and yet common. This is when a partner
intentionally is trying to make their spouse feel like they are going crazy.
The popular term for this is gaslighting.
This is when your partner says things like: 'you're
paranoid', 'it's all in your head',
'you should go to a shrink and sort
yourself out', 'you're hysterical',
etc. Often these are response to enquiries from their spouse around doubts of
infidelity. But it can also be enquiries of financial abuse, emotional abuse or
even physical abuse. For example, you may make the following statement:
'It was not ok for you to tell my friend I was
too fat to wear this dress.' (Statement about emotional abuse).
'What are
you talking about? You're so paranoid! I never talked to your friend about
that. You're not the centre of the universe, you know, we do talk about other
things than you.' - This is
psychological abuse because you might then doubt yourself and question if you
did hear the emotional abuse comment or if it was in your head.
Another example: enquiry of loyalty:
'I've seen those receipts for an expensive
restaurant when you told me you worked late that night. Can you explain?'
'Stop
being so crazy! It's all in your head! I told you I had a network meeting with
my boss that day. You never listen to me and you make up crazy ideas in your
head'
Even if deep down you know that he said he was
working late in the office that day, you can doubt yourself and start to
believe you're going crazy.
5- Sexual
abuse. This type of abuse is well
recognised when the perpetrator is a stranger. If you are the victim of
unwanted sexual contact by a stranger or a colleague or your boss or a friend,
it is easy to recognise it as sexual abuse and there are a legal system in
place to report those assaults. It is a traumatic experience which often leaves
a physical and emotional scar for a long time.
What is less recognised is that sexual abuse can
also happen in a marriage. If you say 'no' to your spouse, it means 'no' and if
your spouse forces you to have sex when you say 'no', it is sexual abuse and it
is damaging physically and emotionally.
Sexual abuse can also be the opposite:
constantly withholding sex when your partner asks for the sole purpose of
controlling the partner. When sex is constantly withheld, it makes people feel
unwanted, undesired and damages their self-esteem.
6-
Financial abuse. This abuse often
applies with vulnerable people, for example an elderly person or someone with
impaired thinking. Financial abuse is when you take money from that person
without their consent. It could be stealing or over-charging for a service that
you know they won't know the difference. Or it could be more subtle such as
keeping the change if you're doing shopping for somebody else.
In a relationship when there is no vulnerable
people, financial abuse happens when one partner earns significantly more than
the other. The main earner may restrict access to money for the other one for
the sole purpose of disempowering and controlling that person.
7- Threat
and intimidation. This type of abuse
can be through actions like the display of aggression on an object: punching a
wall, smashing a plate. This is intimidating because it is a demonstration of
violence that could then be transferred onto a person. If you see your partner
punching a wall when they are angry with you, it is easy to feel intimidated
because you can imagine what that fist would do if it was directed on your
face. Threat and intimidation can be through words like: 'I'm going to kill you', 'I'm going to tell your boss you're a drunk',
'I'm going to kill myself if you don't
stay home with me'.
It is possible to be in a relationship where
there are more than one type of abuse. It is not uncommon for partners to be
emotionally and psychologically abusive with intimidation and threat.
Also, it is important to understand that when emotions are high, your partner may resort to one of those behaviours as a one-off. If it is an isolated incident, your relationship isn't classified as abusive. A relationship is abusive if one or more of the above behaviours are repeated, frequent or consistent.
If you think you are in an abusive relationship,
don't suffer in silence. There is professional help available. However, it is
very important to understand that your partner's abusive behaviour can increase
and become more dangerous if they know that you are seeking help or you are
trying to leave them. Don't tell your abusive partner you are thinking of
living to protect yourself. Firstly, identify a safe place to escape to:
an organisation providing a safe house, or a friend, or a family member. Then,
with the help of a professional, you can prepare a safe exit strategy.
In a crisis you can call the Police, of course,
but be mindful that they only respond seriously to physical abuse or sexual
abuse. People don't tend to be prosecuted for emotional abuse, verbal abuse or
psychological abuse.
Everybody deserves to be in a warm, loving and
safe relationship that enhances who we are, rather than make us feel bad about
ourselves. People who have successfully and safely left an abusive
relationship, after a period of healing, report that they regained a sense of
self-worth, and reached happiness again.
A new life is waiting for you.